November 06, 2006

Tim Hudak highlights the CPAB changes during debate

Tim Hudak, the MPP for Erie-Lincoln, and the finance critic for the Progressive Conservatives at Queen's Park in Ontario, has focused in on the changes being proposed to expand the powers of the Canadian Public Accountability Board. The CPAB is a creation of the Ontario Securities Commission (in concert with other provincial securities commissions), and in Bill 151, Dalton McGuinty's Liberals propose to require accountants to provide all material used to prepare audits to the CPAB for inspection, including material that is considered privileged.

I've written quite a bit about Bill 151, and some people think that I am off base with my concerns. Still, the Ontario Bar Association is deeply concerned, and that concern was brought to the attention of the legislature last Wednesday by MPP Tim Hudak:

Let me move on to other aspects of the bill. I want to express some concerns. We look forward to, and I would fully expect, hearings on the bill. I'm skipping from A to D, schedule D on the Canadian Public Accountability Board Act -- and I appreciate the briefing I had today -- to talk a bit about the Canadian Public Accountability Board. Given the limits on my time, I won't get into great detail here. I do want to highlight some concerns by various groups about what this bill will do.

If you go to the Ontario Bar Association's website, for example, there's a letter on that website from James Morton, president of the Ontario Bar Association, that has some significant concerns about schedule D of this bill. To read part of Mr. Morton's letter:

"However, the pressing matter at hand as this bill is now before the House for second reading debate is the matter of solicitor-client privilege. Given that this is a fundamental principle for our profession, it is disappointing that there was no contact with relevant stakeholder groups in the legal profession for input in the development of this legislation.... [W]e continue to have significant concerns pertaining to section 11(4) requiring a participating audit firm to provide information or documents to the board even where that information or documents are privileged."

So I look forward to an opportunity here. It does give one concern that a group of the significance of the Ontario Bar Association was not consulted before schedule D was brought forward to the Ontario Legislature. I hope we'll have ample committee hearings so that groups like the OBA can come forward and we can hear directly from the minister and finance staff on how they're going to address this issue. I know that the CGA, the Certified General Accountants, also have concerns about provisions in that aspect of the bill, and I hope they'll have that opportunity in the time ahead.

Now that the opposition has this section of the bill in its sights, expect that the hearings will be anything but pro forma approvals, not now that the Conservatives have the OBA as allies.

Will the section, and the CPAB's new powers, survive the committee process? Will the government simply remove the offending portion in order to get the rest of this massive bill through? Or will the OSC dig in and demand that the CPAB be given the powers it needs to get around the legal hurdles it has encountered in the past?

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1 The OBA should spend more time doing legal research. The Supreme Court of Canada recently anticipated such unwarranted attempts to expand Charter concepts beyond the Charter. In Blank (2006 SCC 39), Justice Bastarache expressly noted that the Legislature could require production of privileged documents for other purposes, including corpoartye audits and securities regulation. He wrote: 68 It is unclear, from a legal standpoint, why the government would be able to refuse a statutory duty to disclose information by claiming litigation privilege as a matter of common law. In Descôteaux v. Mierzwinski, [1982] 1 S.C.R. 860, at p. 875, this Court held that legislation may infringe solicitor-client privilege (let alone litigation privilege), though such legislation would be interpreted restrictively. The Access Act is such legislation and it is not unique in mandating disclosure of certain information. Corporations’ legislation, legislation governing certain professions, securities legislation, to name but a few examples, include statutory provisions that require certain persons to disclose information/documentation to directors, tribunals or governing bodies. It has not been open to those persons to resist disclosure on the basis of solicitor-client or litigation privilege. However, where related litigation arises, those persons will often argue that the compulsory disclosure to an auditor (for example) does not amount to a waiver of the privilege (see Interprovincial Pipe Line Inc. v. M.N.R., [1996] 1 F.C. 367 (T.D.)). In that case, the appellants had disclosed legal advice to their auditors pursuant to s. 170 of the Canada Business Corporations Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-44. Before the Federal Court, they argued that this did not constitute a waiver of the privilege. The judge cited the following passage from this Court’s decision in Descôteaux at p. 875: 1. The confidentiality of communications between solicitor and client may be raised in any circumstances where such communications are likely to be disclosed without the client’s consent. 2. Unless the law provides otherwise, when and to the extent that the legitimate exercise of a right would interfere with another person’s right to have his communications with his lawyer kept confidential, the resulting conflict should be resolved in favour of protecting the confidentiality. 3. When the law gives someone the authority to do something which, in the circumstances of the case, might interfere with that confidentiality, the decision to do so and the choice of means of exercising that authority should be determined with a view to not interfering with it except to the extent absolutely necessary in order to achieve the ends sought by the enabling legislation. 4. Acts providing otherwise in situations under paragraph 2 and enabling legislation referred to in paragraph 3 must be interpreted restrictively. Bastarache J. underlinedthe "Unless the law provides otherwise" portion for emphasis.

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